Nguồn chính

• Herodian, Roman History, Book 7
• Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians
• Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Caesaribus
• Joannes Zonaras, Compendium of History extract: Zonaras: Alexander Severus to Diocletian: 222–284
• Zosimus, Historia Nova

Nguồn phụ

• Southern, Pat. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine, Routledge, 2001
• Syme, Ronald, Emperors and Biography, Oxford University Press, 1971
• Potter, David Stone, The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395, Routledge, 2004
• Birley, Anthony (2005), The Roman Government in Britain, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925237-4 
• Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1-74196-598-8 
• Meckler, Michael L., Gordian I (238 A.D.), De Imperatoribus Romanis (2001)
• Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale, 2000
• Gibbon. Edward Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1888)